Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal bacterial disease that affects dogs and is zoonotic, meaning it can be transmitted to humans. In the past, it was considered higher risk for animals in rural areas with access to warm, wet, stagnant areas such as standing water, mud puddles, and even swollen rivers and ponds, where it can linger for months after being shed by wildlife and rodents when they urinate.
Leptospirosis is most often transmitted to dogs through mucous-membrane (mouth, nose or eye) contact with the urine of infected animals and/or contaminated food, bedding, soil, or water. Dogs may also be infected through the bite of, or by eating, an infected animal. Raccoons, skunks, opossums, rats, cows, and pigs are all known carriers of the infection. Dogs can also become infected from close contact with another infected dog.
Historically, vaccination against leptospirosis was considered “non-core,” (elective) recommended primarily for dogs with specific risk factors or living in higher risk areas. However, recent developments have led major veterinary organizations, including the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) and the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), to reclassify the leptospirosis vaccine as “core” (essential) for all dogs.
“This shift underscores the importance of universal vaccination to protect canine health. Infection can lead to severe health issues, including kidney and liver failure, and can be fatal if not promptly treated. It can also be transmitted from animals to humans, posing public health concerns,” said Dr. Laurie Brush, founder of Heaven at Home Pet Hospice.
Early signs of Leptospirosis include:
- Loss of appetite
- Increase or decrease in urine production
- Uncharacteristic inactivity
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Severe weakness and depression
- Stiffness
- Fever
Why Vaccinate Against Leptospirosis
- Increased Prevalence: Leptospirosis has been reported in diverse geographic
regions including Michigan, affecting dogs of all sizes, breeds, and lifestyles,
including those in urban areas.
- Improved Vaccine Safety: Advancements in vaccine formulations have enhanced
safety profiles, reducing the incidence of adverse reactions.
- Expert Recommendations: Organizations like AAHA and ACVIM have updated their
guidelines to recommend annual leptospirosis vaccination for all dogs starting at 12 weeks
weeks of age, reflecting a consensus on the necessity of widespread immunization.
